The pole you are referring to is called the mast. If the boat only has one mast it is usually not in the middle of the boat but is normally found in the forward third of the boat.
The Middle Passage − straight from Wikipedia
It was called brutal because the slaves put on the boat were put through very harsh conditions.
by boat
A harbour boat is of course called a harbour boat.
the boat is called a waka
No, the back of a boat is called stern, bow is a front of a boat.
Back of a boat is called stern and Bow is the front of a boat.
The naming of a boat is also called the "Christening."
A kitchen on a boat is called a galley.
artic boat
a hunting boat