There Are Lots Of Mini Bosses In Twilight Princess.I Only Know One Of Them Which Is A Phantom.You Fight Him In A Castle
deffet the monkey mini boss
You finish off the forest temple mini boss
battle the mini boss at city in the skys
You get it in the sky temple when you beat the mini boss.
The ball & chain? You have to beat the mini-boss in the mountain mansion place.
You get in the goron mines{the second temple in the legend of zelda twilight princess}after defeating the mini boss.
You have to beat the mini-boss in the first temple, which is Ook, a white monkey
8 in all, including the four you have to find before the mini-boss
In the city of the sky on the very bottom level, there is a flying lizard mini boss. Beat him to get the double clawshots.
Link does! The Rod of the Heavens is the Dominion Rod, which you get from the mini boss in the Temple of Time.
There is no "super clawshot" but there is a double clawshot which you can get after you defeat the mini-boss in the city in the sky. Hope this helps!
You have to find it in the temple of time, which is hidden in the sacred forest. if memory serves, you will find it after you defeat the mini boss.