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The idea that new species form when isolated from the parent group is called genetic drift. The isolation can be as small as a few miles to thousands of miles.
Evolution .
speciation
There are 15 species of old world vultures that exist and 7 species of new world vultures that exist. Turkey Vultures are the most common in the world.
Speciation
queen latifa species and michael jackson species<3
The general term for the formation of a new species is speciation.
they evolve to fill new niches
Cross-breeding occurs within the species.
There are many more arthropods than other species but bacteria have the most species. Every new species of arthropods discovered have 10-12 new species of bacteria in them.
Over billions and billions of years, an entire species slowly develops characteristics that they need to adapt to current conditions. If this is repeated enough times, a new species completely different from the original can "form". Or if you're really religious, your God makes new species or whatever.