The telescope.
Astronomy was all done with the naked eye at that time. Perhaps the most notable tool that the Egyptians used was the plumbline, for estabishing a perfect vertical, this enabled the altitude of stars above the horizon to be measured more accurately.
The reflecting telescope
Most important for astronomy is to study physics and maths. There are many different fields of astronomy from the instrument building teams who work with their hands to the theoretical branches where mathematical ability and physical intuition is essential. In all branches of astronomy, and indeed life, good programming skills are invaluable. Perhaps the most essential ingredient is curiosity and the ability to search out answers.
Stars are the sources of light. If they did not emit light, there would be no stars and thus no astronomy.
this will be a telescope because a microscope is to look at small things with and a telegraph is basically now a commericial
it alredy is an essential tool of many bussineses.
There is no evidence that praying in general helps at all with anything, except perhaps as a meditation tool. Therefore I would say that praying to Mecah did not help astronomy.
As one of the sciences astronomy is most closely related to mathematics, physics and chemistry.
This may not be the answer you are looking for but it would certainly be a computer. Computers aside, it would be a mix between star charts, sky calendars, astronomical almanacs and telescopes (most of these items can be accessed using a computer).
The most effective strain liquid tool for optimizing plant growth and productivity is a balanced fertilizer solution that provides essential nutrients for healthy plant development.
There are more astronomy teachers than any other kind of astronomers.
I believe that at the time of Galileo and other pioneers in astronomy there was no formal astronomy study; he (and others) must have learned most of what they knew by themselves.