Some supermassive black holes - located in larger galaxies - are estimated to have approximately 20 billion times the mass of our Sun. That is more than the mass of a small galaxy - for example, more than the mass of the Small Magellanic Cloud.
As far as we know, most, if not all galaxies have a massive black hole at their centre.
As a black hole.As a black hole.As a black hole.As a black hole.
That is not yet known for sure. Most large galaxies have a supermassive black hole in their center. It is known how a massive star can convert to a black hole, but it is not currently known how such a black hole would acquire such a huge mass since its creation.
It emits light so is not "black". A "black hole" is a stellar body so massive that nothing can escape its gravity. Light actually consists of a stream of photons, so a sufficiently massive body can prevent light escaping from its surface. The sun, like most stars, is not massive, or heavy, enough to be a "black hole".
It is suggested that there is a black hole in the center of not just The Milky Way, but most other galaxies.
The Sun probably won't turn into a black hole. What determines whether a certain star becomes a black hole is basically the amount of mass left over, once the star runs out of energy. Less massive stars turn into white dwarves; more massive stars into neutron stars; and the most massive of all, into black holes.
OJ 287. This is a binary pair of black holes. It contains the most massive black hole known, with a mass estimated at 18 billion solar masses.
Yes, a quasar is a galaxy with a super-massive black hole in its center. The hole being invisible, all light vanishing from the great gravity. The quasar itself, among the brightest, most luminous objects in the universe, is being powered by an accretion disc around the black hole.
Nothing special - Just like most large galaxies, they are thought to have a super massive black hole at the centre of the galaxy.
No. Most black holes form when an extremely massive star dies and the core collapses, becoming a black hole.
Virtually all the ones we know anything about probably formed as the result of the death of a very large star, or at the centers of galaxies. Most if not all galaxies have super massive black holes at their centers.
None, really. At least, for us, and now. A black hole can be dangerous if it's very massive (such as a supermassive black hole). But mainly, a black hole would be completely harmless, unless it gets close - and the nearest known black hole is at a distance of about 3000 light-years. Even a supermassive black hole would be harmless at such a distance.