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What is the movement of the cupula during rotational acceleration and deceleration?
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What is the cupula of the ear?
which receptor is involved in the sense of rotational equilibrium
What is the function of the ampulla into the ear?
The three semicircular canals (SSCs) within the vestibular organ of each ear contain fluid and hair receptor cells encased inside a fragile membrane called the cupula. The cupula is located in a widened area of each canal called the ampulla. When you move your head, the fluid in the ampulla lags behind, pushing the cupula a very tiny bit which causes the hairs to also bend a very tiny bit. The bending hairs stimulate the hair cells, which in turn trigger sensory impulses in the vestibular nerve going to the brain to "report" the movement. Hair cells are amazingly sensitive. For example, a cupula movement of even a thousandth of an inch is detected by the brain as a big stimulus. The three canals are positioned roughly at right angles to one another in the three planes of space. Thus, the canals react separately and in combination to detect different types of swiveling head movement. They detect when we nod in an up and down motion (pitch), when we tilt our head to the side towards our shoulder (roll), and when we shake our head "no" in a side to side motion (yaw). The semicircular canals are responsible for detecting any kind of rotational motion in the head.
What is fluid moving cupula when head is turned?
Scarpa's fluid.
What does not belong in the group Tectorial membrane Crista ampullaris Semicircular canals Cupula?
Tectorial membrane
Function in dynamic equilibrium?
ampulla, cupula, semicircular ducts, utricle (marrieb p. 333)
Contains the cristae ampullaris?
semicircular ducts have an enlarged swelling at one end called an ampulla, which houses an equilibrium receptor region called a crista ampullaris
How do movements stimulate the hair cells in the vestibular system?
The hair cells have a special type of ion channel that is gated by mechanical deformation. Depending on which way the hair cell bends, the neuron will either become hyperpolarised or depolarised. Deformation of the hair cells is caused by two separate mechanisms depending on which part of the vestibular system is in question. For the semicircular canals (SCCs) - these are filled with a fluid, such that when the head moves, the fluid momentarily lags behind exerting pressure on a membrane called a cupula. At its base are hair cells that project up into the cupula. When the cupula is deflected, so are the hair cells. The second component is the otolithic organs. These consist of a flat, top heavy bed of tissue with hair cells at their base. When the head moves up/down or side-to-side, the tissue (otolithic membrane) momentarily lags behind and the hair cells are deformed. In both cases the transduction is mechanical -> electrical; but whereas the SCCs rely on fluid movement for the mechanical force, the otoliths don't.
What structures function in dynamic equilibrium?
Saccule and utricle"Static" means stationary or at rest. the 4 functions are vestibular nerve, ampulla, cupula, and otoliths
How does semicircular canals function to dynamic equilibrium?
The inner ear includes the three semicircular canals. They (plus the base of each called the ampullaris) are involved in: 1. Static Equilibrium is in the ampulla which contains the sense for position of head when body is not moving. Static balance is associated with the vestibule and is involved in evaluating the position of the head relative to gravity. Tiny stones called otholiths on a membrane filled with hairs cause this sensation. The system also responds to linear acceleration or deceleration, such as when a person is in a car that is increasing or decreasing speed. 2. Dynamic Equilibrium is in the semicircular canals which senses rotation and movement of head and body. Dynamic balance is associated with the semicircular canals and is involved in evaluating changes in the direction and rate of head movements and doesn't use gravity. The semicircular canals detect changes in the rate of movement rather than movement alone because displacement of the cupula is most intense when the rate of head movement changes rapidly. As with the static balance, the information the brain obtains regarding dynamic balance is largely subconscious.
Gel-like membrane overlying the hair cells of the organ of Corti?
tectorial membrane
What is the role of the emdolymph of the semicircular canals in activating the receptors during angular motion?
Each canal is filled with a fluid called endolymph and contains a motion sensor with little hairs (cilia) whose ends are embedded in a gelatinous structure called the cupula. As the skull twists in any direction, the endolymph is thrown into different sections of the canals. The cilia detect when the endolymph rushes past, and a signal is then sent to the brain.
How do you get rid of vertigo?
The commonest type of vertigo occurring chronically (over a long period of time) is called BPPV (benign paroxysmal positional vertigo). A link to a treatment video is shown here (explanation below). http://www.asktheneurologist.com/vertigo-cures.html Cause of BPPV Within the labyrinth of the inner ear lie collections of calcium crystals known as otoconia. In patients with BPPV, the otoconia are dislodged from their usual position within the utricle and they migrate over time into one of the semicircular canals (the posterior canal is most commonly affected due to its anatomical position). When the head is reoriented relative to gravity, the gravity-dependent movement of the heavier otoconial debris within the affected semicircular canal causes abnormal (pathological) fluid endolymph displacement and a resultant sensation of vertigo. This more common condition is known as canalithiasis. In rare cases, the crystals themselves can adhere to a semicircular canal cupula rendering it heavier than the surrounding endolymph. Upon reorientation of the head relative to gravity, the cupula is weighted down by the dense particles thereby inducing an immediate and maintained excitation of semicircular canal afferents afferent nerve. This condition is termed cupulolithiasis.The treatment of choice for this condition is the Epley canalith repositional maneuver which is effective in approximately 80% of patients[1]. The treatment employs gravity to move the calcium build-up that causes the condition). The particle repositioning maneuver (Epley Maneuver) can be performed during a clinic visit by specially trained otolaryngologists, neurologists, chiropractors, physical therapists, or audiologists. The maneuver is relatively simple but few general health practitioners know how to perform it. A method known as the Semont maneuver in which patients themselves are able to achieve canalinth repositioning has been shown to be effective. Yes, there are cures for vertigo. It is very important to see a doctor to determine the exact cause of your vertigo, as it can come from different sources, and each one is treated differently. I had vertigo for years and finally got the root cause diagnosed.
