The answer is ASDIC
Type your answer here... ASDIC
During WWII, Allied warships used ASDIC (an early, crude form of Sonar), airplanes (some ships carried recoverable seaplanes), and visual lookouts (binoculars) to spot submarines and direct attacking vessels to the contact.
In the early days of ASW, active sonar was used quite a bit for trying to locate submarines; however, today active sonar is primarily used only by aircraft, in the form of helicopter dipping sonar. Ships do use active sonar, but modern nuclear submarines are extremely adept at using the ocean environment to their advantage in avoiding active transmissions. The main disadvantage to using active sonar is that a ship automatically gives away their position; this wasn't as big a problem with older boats which used "John Wayne" style torpedoes that required you to be in visual range of a target, meaning you were exposed during an attack. Modern boats use passive sonar tracking, and use torpedoes that can be fired thousands of yards away,without ever getting near a target. Modern torpedoes have their own sonar tracking systems that are extremely difficult to evade once they acquire a target. Modern submarines' speed and depth capability also means that they can egress an area where active sonar is being used very quickly, or avoid it altogether as it can be detected miles away before a boat ever gets in range of the transmitting sonar. Active sonar is used by ships to find diesel-electric submarines that are running on the battery, though. Such boats are extremely difficult to detect, even by other submarines at close range. In many cases, active sonar is about the only way to find and track them, but unlike nuclear submarines, once a DE boat is located, they're pretty much history. They don't have the speed and depth capability that nukes do to egress an area if they're caught, but they can still use the ocean environment to their advantage if the sound conditions are in their favor.
Due to their short ranges, ultrasonic (>20khz) frequencies aren't used for ship or submarines' primary Active Sonar systems. Though the actual frequencies used are classified, I can say that they're nowhere near the ultrasonic range. Submarines do employ ultrasonic frequency detection systems that are passive sonar based, but they're primarily for detecting active sonar from homing torpedoes. They're also annoying for detecting any bottle-nosed dolphins in the area when you're at Periscope Depth.
Modern naval ships use some form of Sonar to detect submarines. Additionally, some ships are equipped with Magnetic Anomaly Detectors (MAD gear) that detect a submarine's impact on the Earth's magnetic field in that area. The gear is typically carried aboard helicopters temporarily stationed on the ship.
Sonar was gradually developed and improved over many years, but the first operational form of sonar as we now know it goes back to about 1918.
Sound Navigation and Ranging
SOund Navigation And Ranging
SONAR - sends out a pulse of sound... The resulting reflected sound is analysed to form a 'picture' of what's around the vessel.
The noun forms for the verb to locate are locator, location, and the gerund, locating.
Killer whales use sonar which is a form of echolocation.
SONAR