They are called Tefillin (phylacteries). The one on the head is Tefillin Shel Rosh, and the one on the arm is Tefillin Shel Yad.
Deuteronomy 6:5
These are the words mentioned in verse 6. In verse 7, teach them to your children. In verse 8, have them on your hand as a sign. In verse 9, write them on the posts and gates of your house. For a fuller description of the narrative in Deuteronomy, with commentary, please visit: http://christianity.answers.com/bible/the-book-of-deuteronomy
Refer to Deuteronomy 6.
Talleisim (plural) are white prayer shawls worn in the morning prayer services. Tefillin (phylacteries) are small leather boxes worn during morning services in accordance with the verse in Deuteronomy ch.6. They contain parchments with Torah-verses.
The word sanctify is not found in this verse. The verse speaks of having a chosen people who are special and set apart from others
Exodus 20:13 and Deuteronomy 5:17.
The book of deuteronomy
Leviticus 17:14 Deuteronomy 12:23
Exodus 20:15 and Deuteronomy 5:19.
It means god is going to bless you abundantly
Hear, O Israel! The Lord your God, is one!
The ten commandments appear first in Shmot (Exodus) in chapter 20, verse 1 and continue through verse 14. They appear again in (Devarim) Deuteronomy chapter 5, verse 6 and continue 18.