What is the ortho-peradirective nature?

Answer 1

I think you're asking about ortho-para directors. o,p directors are groups bonded to a benzene ring that direct additional groups in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions to attach to the ortho and para positions of the benzene ring. Ortho is the position next to the group and para is the position across from the group on the benzene ring. o,p directors are electron donating groups such as methoxy groups. These groups stabilize the positive charge created in the intermediate when the electrophile adds to the ortho and para positions. o,p directors do not, however, stabilize the positive charge when the electrophile adds to the meta position and therefore only allow addition to the ortho and para positions (thus the name ortho-para director).