That point is called perihelion and its position can be defined by longitude and latitude in coordinates based on the ecliptic (the Sun's apparent path through the sky). The longitude of perihelion is one of the elements that define the object's orbit.
what is the point in a comet's orbit that is closest to the sun?
it depends on the angle it is tilted at off of vertical for example the earth is at a 23 degree angle and 62% suns light hits it at a time
Most are unchanged since their formation in the solar nebula.Correct
Comets do indeed have orbits. Sometimes the orbits take thousands of years. For the most part, they stay in these orbits unless affected by the gravity of another body.
It's a member of the Kuiper belt (the inner part of the Oort cloud), home of comets and leftovers from the formation of the solar system.
It's not at all clear what you mean by the speed of a planet. In terms of its speed of rotation, or the length of its 'day', Saturn is the second fastest, just behind Jupiter. Regarding its speed in orbit around the sun, Saturn is the 6th fastest planet in our solar system. Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, and most of the asteroids, all move faster in their orbits virtually all of the time than Saturn does, and several comets do that for part of the time.
The path of Earth (or other planets) around the Sun is called the planet's orbit.
no, comets do not orbit Earth. If comets did orbit Earth, it would be Earths Moon's, but comets orbit the kuiper belt at the edge of the Solar System. Some times comets hit each other and get knocked out of their orbit and possibly hit a planet.
No. Comets come from beyond the asteroid belt, mostly from a region called the Kuiper Belt, beyond the orbit of Neptune.
Orbit the sun.
A part of Neptune's orbit extends beyond that of Pluto.
The Kuiper Belt, a theorized area far beyond Neptune. There are actually two "shells" of debris around the Solar System. The Kuiper Belt is beyond Neptune, and the Oort Cloud is believed to be beyond that.
No. The Oort cloud is way beyond the orbit of Saturn. It's where many of the comets come from.
Yes. The solar system is everything that orbits the sun.
They are because they are parts of a planet or space material that stays or floats around in space
Most are unchanged since their formation in the solar nebula.Correct
Using strict modern definitions - none. The orbit of Pluto does cross inside the orbit of Neptune during part of it's journey around the sun, but Pluto is no longer officially a planet - it is a "dwarf planet" or "planetoid".
Comets do indeed have orbits. Sometimes the orbits take thousands of years. For the most part, they stay in these orbits unless affected by the gravity of another body.
The Sun has such a gigantic mass that it dominates the nearby volume of space.Not all bodies do orbit the Sun; there are comets that get pulled in by the Sun's gravity but then leave the solar system (comest on hyperbolic paths).Many smaller bodies also orbit their parent planets (we then call them moons).What else could the planets orbit around? Part of the definition of a planet is that it orbits the Sun! So planets by definition orbit the Sun! If they did not orbit the Sun they would not be called planets!