What is the passing of inherited traits from parents to offspiring?

Answer 1

All organisms have DNA as their information macro molecule.
When a cell divides during meiosis, four haploid celsl are obtained from each diploid cell which are then passed on to the next generation.
Offsprings have one copy of DNA from mother and other copy from father. Depending on which allele is dominant, phenotype or genotype changes will result in the offspring.