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In very simple terms, the instrument generates pulses that pass through an electronic 'gate' within the instrument to be counted. The duration for which the gate is open is determined by the voltage applied to the instrument; the greater the voltage, the longer the gate stays open, and the greater the number of pulses that can pass through. The number of pulses, therefore, is proportional to the voltage being measured. By measuring the number of pulses that have passed through the gate, the measured voltage can be displayed digitally.

To measure current, the same principle applies, except that the current is passed through a resistor, and the voltage drop caused by that current is applied to the gate. Since this voltage is proportional to the current, the number of counted pulses will indicate the current being measured.

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