The Lieutenant Governor .
The lieutenant governor
elect another governor
The Lt. Governor takes the seat.
The Governor's Representative assumes the Governor's position in the order of precedence (he or she is representing, not acting as the Governor).
That depends on the State Constitution.
The Governor General stays in the position until they resign/retire, or until the Prime Minister nominates a new Governor general. They cannot be "elected" out of their position.
Governor is typically a higher position than congressman. Governors are the chief executive of a state, while congressmen serve at a federal level in the legislative branch.
Governor Lachlan Macquarie replaced Governor Bligh. Macquarie took up his position in 1810.
Which governor-general? The governor-general of Canada is in a different position than the governor-general of Australia.
she dies
If you mean when a royal governor ruled some colonies, the answer is the governor was appointed by the king.