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What is monomelic amyotrophy?
Monomelic amyotrophy (MMA) is a rare disease of the nerves that control voluntary movements of the limbs.
By what other names is monomelic amyotrophy known?
Monomelic amyotrophy may also be known as benign focal amyotrophy, single limb atrophy, Hirayama syndrome or Sobue disease
How widespread is monomelic amyotrophy?
Monomelic amyotrophy occurs worldwide and is most prevalent in Asia, and especially in Japan and India. According to a report in 1984, MMA of the lower limb occurs in about four in a million people in India.
What is the treatment for monomelic amyotrophy?
Treatment primarily consists of rehabilitation measures such as physical therapy and occupational therapy. Severe muscle weakness (present in a minority of cases) may require orthopedic intervention
Why is periodic neurological evaluation recommended for people with monomelic amyotrophy?
Initially, symptoms of MMA can be similar to early signs of other, more serious neurological disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS or Lou Gehrig's disease) and spinal muscular atrophy .
What are the main features of monomelic amyotrophy?
The main features of MMA are muscle weakness and atrophy in one limb. The weakness and wasting progresses slowly and may spread to the corresponding limb on the opposite side of the body
What symptoms of monomelic amyotrophy are revealed in diagnosis?
Physical findings include reduced muscle girth (width around the arm or leg) and decreased strength in the affected limb. Tendon reflexes tend to be normal or sluggish.
What are possible causes of monomelic amyotrophy?
Viral infection, vascular insufficiency of the spinal cord, heavy physical activity, radiation injury, traumatic injury, and atrophy of the spinal cord--have been suggested as possible causes of MMA.
What procedures are involved in a diagnosis of monomelic amyotrophy?
Tests that may aid in diagnosis of MMA include electromyography (EMG), imaging studies such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT ) scans, and muscle biopsy .
How does monomelic amyotrophy affect a human organism?
The main features of the disease are wasting and weakness of a single upper or lower limb. Generally, MMA progresses slowly overa period of 2-4 years, and then reaches a stationary phase
What is amyotrophy?
Amyotrophy is another name for muscular atrophy - a reduction in functionality of a muscle due to disease or injury.
What is the prognosis of Raynaud's disease?
The prognosis for most people with Raynaud's disease is very good
