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There's something called the "placebo effect", which basically means that if people believe they're taking medicine, they may report feeling better (and may actually even GET better) even if what they're taking isn't medicine at all.

The control group getting sugar pills exists to make sure that the people being given the actual drug aren't just feeling better because they think they're supposed to. If the "drug" has about the same effectiveness in both groups, then the researchers can be pretty sure it's due to the placebo effect; only if the subjects getting the real drug report significantly more improvement than the ones getting the sugar pills will the drug be considered to be effective.

In real clinical trials, not even the physicians that interact with the patients should know which ones are real and which ones aren't, to ensure that they behave the same with both groups. This is called a "double-blind" study: neither the patients nor their physicians know which pills were real and which were fake (at least until after the study is complete).

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Q: What is the purpose of the group being given that sugar pill?
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