The three types of natural radioactivity are alpha, beta and gamma radiation. Gamma rays are the most energetic, and the hardest to shield against as they do not readily interact with shielding material.
Alpha and beta radiation are actually particles. The beta particle is an electron that has been released. Because of its mass, it more readily reacts with shielding material, and so cannot penetrate as far. Alpha particles are the largest and consist of two neutrons and two protons. Shielding is most effective against alpha particles. Your outer layer of dead skin or a T-shirt is generally enough to protect against alpha particles.
However, this effectiveness of shielding does not mean that gamma is always the most harmful and alpha the least. The high effectiveness of shielding on alpha particles is due to the fact that they most readily react with the shield (i.e. damage it). This means that if the alpha particle is able to come in contact with living tissue (like the ingestion of radioactive liquids) it will do far more damage than a beta particle or gamma ray.
alpha ray.
Gamma radiation has the greatest penetrating power among radioactive emissions. It can pass through various materials, including thick layers of lead and concrete. However, it can be shielded by materials with high atomic numbers, such as dense metals like lead or uranium.
Gamma rays
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Alpha particles have a positive charge and weak penetrating power. They can be stopped by a sheet of paper or a few centimeters of air.
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Alpha particles have the greatest mass among nuclear emissions, as they consist of two protons and two neutrons. However, gamma rays have the most penetrating power, as they are highly energetic electromagnetic radiation that can penetrate through solids and tissues.
Gamma Ray
Gamma
This is the gamma radiation.
The effects of the radioactive emission from the tsunami hit Japanese nuclear power plant still lingers, and will linger for many more years.
Alpha particles are composed of two protons and two neutrons and have low penetrating power; beta particles are high-speed electrons or positrons with moderate penetrating power; gamma rays are high-energy electromagnetic radiation with high penetrating power; neutron emission involves the release of neutrons with no charge and high penetrating power. Each type of radiation causes different ionization effects in matter and poses different risks to human health.