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Light travels in a straight line, as long as it is propagating through a constant medium. In space, space is pretty much empty, so the light travels in a straight line. When light passes into a different medium, such as from space into air or from air into glass, the light is bent or "refracted". You can see this for yourself; poke a straight stick into a pond or pool of water. Look at the stick. The light reflected from the stick to your eye allows you to see the stick, but the light from the part of the stick that's in the water is bent - so it appears as if the stick itself is bent. The light from the stick through the water is refracted differently than the light from the stick through the air.

The greater the density of the material, the more the light will be refracted.

To magnify light, we need to gather in a lot of light and bend it into a smaller area. We can use curved glass surfaces (or curved mirrors) to bend the light into a smaller area, which magnifies the light. The more dense the glass is, the more the light will be bent into a smaller area.

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