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The radio signal at the aerial is a few micro volts. At the loudspeaker the signal will be a few volts or tens of volts. So we have to have a lot of amplification between the aerial and the output. Once the signal has been tuned in, it is quite convenient to then perform most of the amplification needed at one radio frequency - typically a little below 500 kHz. So after the tuning processes, you will have a couple of stages of IF, followed by an audio detector, and some audio amplification. [Intermediate Frequency - a frequency between that of the radio station, and the audio waves we really want.]

However, the signal from the station is not perfectly steady - it fades in and out in level - particularly if the station is distant, or if the travel path is changing. The AGC [Automatic Gain Control] is designed to even out these variations in signal strength. It does this by rectifying part of the signal to DC, after the IF stages, and feeding this DC back as a bias to lower the amplification of the IF stages.

Since it can only lower the amplification of the IF stages, it follows that the IF's must have more gain available than needed, so as to enable the AGC to have something to act on. This is why they must have so much gain available in the first place.

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