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Immunity is the internal protection of an organism from infection with a pathogen. Therefore, immunity (which is typically conferred by the immune system) has the role of protection against disease in animals.

However, another aspect of immunity is innate or species-based immunity. This is conferred by the genetics of the species and protects the animal against pathogens that infect other species of animals. For instance, cattle are not susceptible to PRRS virus infection because PRRS is specific for pigs. This is not true of all diseases, however - viruses such as rabies and foot and mouth disease virus can infect multiple species.

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