Siddhartha Gautama, a prince born in Lumbini, Nepal around the 6th century BCE, is the historical figure who is known as the Buddha. He attained enlightenment after years of meditation and teaching, and established the teachings of Buddhism.
Siddhartha Gautama is referenced by a number of different titles, but mostly as Buddha. Sometimes he is referred to as Sakyamuni Buddha where Sakyamuni (Sage of the Sakyas) is a refernce to the tribe he was born into (Sakya) or at times he is called Gautama Buddha, as you indicated, where Gautama is his family name. Both of these are used when referring to the actual historical person of Siddhartha Gautama as opposed to another enlighten person who has attained Buddhahood (who would be called a Buddha also).
Buddha was Siddhartha Gautama, a prince who grew up in luxury.The term Buddha means the Enlightened one.
Buddha
The Buddha's (Siddhārtha Gautama) family was:Father: King Suddhodana, the leader of Shakya clanMother: Queen Maha Maya (Māyādevī)Wife: Yaśodharā (Yasodharā)Son: Rahula.
The word "Buddhism" describes the religion based around the teachings and practices of the Buddha, Siddhartha Gautama. "Buddha" is actually a title, like "Senator" in politics or "General" in the military. In Sanskrit and related Indian languages, "Buddha" meant "Awakened being". Siddhartha Gautama is believed to have been "Awakened", so the religion based on his teachings is called "Buddhism".
Siddhartha Gautama was a prince. He was the son of King Suddhodana of a small region in northern India called Sakya(which is where he gets the title Sakyamuni Buddha).
Edwin Arnold has no book by that title, but he did write "The Light of Asia" about the life and time of Prince Gautama Siddhatha. The book is a narrative poem that endeavours to describe the life and time of Prince Gautama Siddhatha who, after enlightenment, became the Buddha. His life, character, and philosophy is described in a series of verses.
Siddhārtha Gautama Buddha.
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The title given to God because he inspired the Bible is "Divine Author" or "Holy Spirit." God is believed to have inspired the writers of the Bible, guiding them in the creation of the sacred text.
The leader of each village was given the title of Raja, not Vedas. Raja means king or leader in Hindi, while Vedas are ancient sacred texts in Hinduism.