a circle
no
the distance between the earth and sun is shortest in the month of...
yes
400'ooo km
The two points and the centre of the earth define a plane, and the intersection of this plane with the surface of the earth is a circle - the "Great Circle". The shortest distance between the two points is the smaller of the two arcs on this circle.
The longest distance from Earth to the Sun is about 94.5 million miles (152 million kilometers) in July when Earth is farthest from the Sun (aphelion). The shortest distance is about 91.5 million miles (147 million kilometers) in January when Earth is closest to the Sun (perihelion).
five feet
The shortest distance from the given information will be its height
The shortest distance is displacement and total distance is length.
Globe
The distance actually depends on the orbit of the Earth and Moon, with 221,665 miles at the shortest point and 252,525 miles at the farthest point.
The greatest distance from the moon is about 405,500 kilometers (252,088 miles), while the shortest distance is about 363,300 kilometers (225,623 miles). These distances vary because the moon's orbit is not a perfect circle but rather an ellipse.