The smallest particle that retains the properties of an element is an atom.
Quarks and leptons are just a family of elementary particles and do not carry any properties of the element.
Because the electron is a lepton, and is not made of quarks.
If the pure substance is not an element, the smallest part is a molecule (which is made of atoms) for instance, pure water is made of water molecules, which are made of 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom If the pure substance is an element, the smallest part is an atom. (which is made of Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons) Pure hydrogen is made of atoms. A stable hydrogen atom has 1 proton, 1 neutron, and 1 electron. Protons and Neutrons can be broken down further into Quarks, Leptons, and Bosons. The Electron is a type of Lepton.
The wavelength of a lepton is inversely proportional to its momentum, which is related to its energy and mass. The spin of a lepton is a fundamental property intrinsic to the particle itself, independent of its momentum or wavelength.
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Atoms can be broken down, so it is a quark or a lepton.
There is currently no scientific evidence for any constituents of an electron. So, for now, the electron is a lepton (a lepton is any fundamental particle).
Lepton
The six leptons were discovered by the following:Electron: J J Thomson (1897),Electron nuetrino: predicted by Pauli (1930), discovered by Cowan-Reines (1956),Muon lepton: Carl D Anderson (1936),Muon neutrino: Lederman, Schwartz and Steinberger (1962),Tau lepton: Perl, (1974-1977),Tau neutrino: Fermilab (2000).
The lepton number of an electron is important in particle physics because it helps to determine the conservation of leptons in interactions. Lepton number is a fundamental property that must be conserved in particle interactions, and it helps to understand the behavior of particles and their interactions in the subatomic world.
An antineutrino is a subatomic particle that is the antimatter counterpart of a neutrino. It has opposite properties, such as opposite electric charge and lepton number, compared to a neutrino. Neutrinos are neutral particles, while antineutrinos have a negative charge.
The principle of lepton number conservation states that the total number of leptons (such as electrons and neutrinos) must remain constant before and after a particle interaction. This principle helps to predict and understand the outcomes of particle interactions by ensuring that the total lepton number is conserved throughout the process.