The specific name is called the Leading Tone.
The third scale degree is called the mediant.
In order by scale degree, the seven modes are Ionian, Dorian, Phrygian, Lydian, Mixolydian, Aeolian, Locrian.
It is called the supertonic (Latin super=above. Thus, "above the tonic"). This is the same for the major scale as well as the 3 minor scales of Western music (natural, melodic and harmonic).
Major 7th
It is an angle measuring 30 degrees. But such an angle does not have a specific name.
The third scale degree is called the mediant.
Subdominant. Its triad is major.
In order by scale degree, the seven modes are Ionian, Dorian, Phrygian, Lydian, Mixolydian, Aeolian, Locrian.
It is called the supertonic (Latin super=above. Thus, "above the tonic"). This is the same for the major scale as well as the 3 minor scales of Western music (natural, melodic and harmonic).
Songs like that can be played in any key. It doesn't have one specific key that's always used.
Are you sure a scale with the name "degree Peterson" was ever used? I can't find any reference to it.
Major 7th
It is an angle measuring 30 degrees. But such an angle does not have a specific name.
8, the same as a major scale. (The last note name is the same as the first - one octave above.)
It will give the name of the college or university you graduated from, signed by the president and other designated officials with the schools seal. Some schools will include honors. It will give your name type of degree (arts, science, etc.), and date of graduation. Some colleges include the specific major while others do not.
I hold a Bachelor's degree in [field of study] from [name of institution]. Additionally, I have completed [certification/degree] in [specific area of study] from [name of institution].
There isn't a name specific name particular to double majors or beyond as far as degree. The type of degree or degrees completed (BA, BS, etc.), is dependent on the discipline and which type of degree label is chosen by the institution. There are many individuals who do pursue a double major, however I would have some real concerns and questions for individuals attempting any more than that at one time.