135 degree celsius
Just like the earth, the moon has a side that faces the sun (day) and a side that faces away from the sun (night). During a full moon, the side of the moon that faces the earth is lit by the sun and appears in daylight whereas the side of the moon that faces away from the earth is in shadow (night). During a new moon, the opposite is true. The side of the moon that faces the earth is in shadow (night) and the side that faces away from the earth is exposed to the sun (day).
The same side of the moon always faces us, regardless of the phase. When the moon is full that side is fully illuminated by the sun as the moon is approximately on the opposite side of Earth relative to the sun.
The side that faces away from the flashlight or the sun is always the dark side.
The illuminated side of the moon is in excess of 250 degrees hotter than the other side. Only part of the moon faces the sun, which is the part I described as illuminated. The sun heats up the side that faces it and the moon does not have the protection of an Earth-like atmosphere.
Yes you do, when the unlighted side of the moon faces you, the fully lit up side is facing the other direction, away from Earth.
The side that's visible.
The lighted half of the moon is always facing the sun. The entire dark half of the moon is facing earth at the time of "New Moon".
In the sky between the sun and the earth. Since the light side of the moon faces the sun, we can't see the moon during an eclipse.
Because one side of the moon faces the Sun, whereas the other side of the moon faces away from the Sun and no other star is near to cast a significant amount of light on that surface. Furthermore, without an atmosphere to reflect and refract light, the line of demarcation between light and dark is very sharp. In addition, the rotation of the Moon is such that the same side always faces the Earth!
The phases of the moon are dependant on the relative positions of the sun, moon and earth. It's the angle between the view-lines to the sun and the moon, with you at the vertex of the angle. The phase of the moon you see depends on how much of the sunlit side of the moon faces earth.
The Dark side of the moon. Note that this is a slightly poetic name as unless we see a Full Moon, it does receive light from the sun.
Tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the sun and the moon upon the oceans of the earth. The sun has the greatest pull. The tides are greatest during a new moon when the sun and the moon are pulling from the same direction. The side of the earth that faces the sun usually has the high tide, while the side away from the sun has the low tide.