You have to check on the sheathing itself but mostly all household wiring is rated for 600 volts. I think you will find that NMS is rated at 300 volts.
It ranges in sizes from 14-2 to 6-3, then you get to a different classification: service cable, which I believe is not considered nm cable.
Common rating for residential wiring cable is 300 volts.
The ampacity of cables is rated on the wire size not the type of sheathing of the cable. Most home wiring using non metallic sheathed cables are rated at 300 volts and are sized up to #6 AWG.
300 volts
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no
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THHN is a heat resistant thermoplastic insulated conductor, usually a single conductor. Romex is a brand name for a nonmetallic sheathed cable, it has multiple conductors inside, the insulated ones are insulated with THHN insulation.
The bare copper conductor found in non metallic sheathed cable is the ground wire. On a wire count in a cable set the ground wire is never counted even though it is always there.
NEC, Article 336 covers the use, installation and construction specifications for nonmetallic-sheathed cable. Nonmetallic-sheathed cable may be used for either exposed or concealed wiring.
Yes
The wire conductor colors in a non metallic sheathed cable are black, red, white, and a bare copper.
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no
The colours will be, black, white and a bare copper ground.
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Electrical Sheathing is various forms of metallic or non-metallic covering over conductors. Nonmetallic-Sheathed Cable is what is known by the brand name Romex.
THHN is a heat resistant thermoplastic insulated conductor, usually a single conductor. Romex is a brand name for a nonmetallic sheathed cable, it has multiple conductors inside, the insulated ones are insulated with THHN insulation.
The most commonly used wiring method for residential use is called nonmetallic sheathed cable. Other types of wiring methods are knob and tube, as well as service entrance cable.