In US, this is a "brevet" promotion
It is a temporary posting to the rank of major without an increase in pay.
If the woman is in the military she is called by her rank. If she is not in the military she is called a civilian.
A 'brevet' is a temporary military position,usually appointing an officer to a rank where a more senior officer is away for a month or two.
German Shepard and the Belgian Malanois have the highest rank in the military.
In the military, a rank is not 'granted', it is earned, and that process is called a 'promotion'. Promotions are earned one of two ways: by meritorious action, or by 'time & grade', whereby the promotion from PFC to LCPL is relatively automatic, assuming the enlisted man/woman has done nothing wrong and has performed his/her duties capably.
Indirectly. They increase what is called the cutting score for the next pay grade (rank) as they are factored in. Pay increases are incremental with increase in rank.
There is no such rank in civiailan life. A captain is a military rank
Because traditionally their uniform buttons, badges of rank and insignia were made from brass.
private
major
It is spelled sergeant (a non-commissioned military rank, or senior policeman).
No, not in the army. But the Reichsarbeitsdienst RAD had the rank Feldmeister. Before Nazi times some Scout groups called leaders Feldmeister. Befor 1900 it was used as a different term. But never as a military rank.