its easier to look in your science book for the notes
its easier to look in your science book for the notes
Rising Film EvaporatorIn a Rising Film Evaporator liquid feed enters from the bottom of steam heated tubes. The parallel movement of liquid and vapour along tube surface imparts effective water evaporation from the liquid feed. This type of evaporator is ideal for liquids which attain high viscosity or have fouling tendency.
Surface tension-Attractive forces cause particles on the surface of a liquid to pull together and resist from being pushed apart. These particles on the surface are pulled toward the center of the liquid and and sideways along the surface. There are no liquid particles above to pull on them. Particles under the surface are pulled in all different directions. Surface tension is the uneven forces acting on the surface particles of a liquid. Surface tension causes a liquid to act like it has a thin film stretched across the surface.
The skin-like surface on a liquid that pulls it together into the smallest possible area is known as surface tension. It is caused by the cohesive forces between liquid molecules that create a thin film on the surface of the liquid, allowing it to resist external forces and maintain its shape.
viscosity
A bubble on the surface of a liquid is formed when air or another gas is trapped within the liquid, typically due to agitation. The surface tension of the liquid creates a thin film around the gas, producing the bubble shape. As the gas inside the bubble expands or contracts, the size of the bubble may change.
L. R. Beardall has written: 'Liquid film flow and solid liquid separation on a rotating inclined surface'
Surface tension of a liquid refers to the cohesive forces between liquid molecules at the surface, which create a "film" that resists external force. This phenomenon occurs because molecules at the surface experience a net inward force due to stronger attractions to neighboring molecules within the liquid than to those in the air. As a result, surface tension enables objects, even if denser than the liquid, to float if they do not break the surface layer, and it also influences behaviors like the formation of droplets.
In Physics, the Rehbinder effect refers to the reduction in the hardness and ductility of a material by a surface-active molecular film. It was named after the Russian scientist Paul Rehbinder.
Surface tension is the cohesive force of attraction between molecules at the surface of a liquid. When dirt or impurities are present in the liquid, they can disrupt the uniformity of this force, leading to a decrease in surface tension. This decrease can cause the liquid to have difficulty forming a cohesive film, leading to a reduction in its ability to repel dirt or grime.
The skin on a film of water is called surface tension. It is caused by the cohesive forces between water molecules.
Film condensation occurs when a continuous liquid film forms on a surface during the condensation process, while dropwise condensation occurs when discrete droplets form on the surface. Dropwise condensation is more efficient in heat transfer compared to film condensation due to reduced resistance to heat transfer at the liquid-vapor interface.