Matter
Frequency
The material through which a wave moves is called the medium. It can be solid, liquid, or gas, and the properties of the medium affect how the wave behaves and travels.
redshift
Doppler effect is the term that describes the apparent change in frequency of sound waves as a source of sound moves relative to an observer. This phenomenon causes the pitch of the sound to appear higher as the source approaches the observer and lower as it moves away.
The term is "wave." Waves can transfer energy through a medium (such as water or air) or through empty space (such as light waves).
Period
Doppler Shift. It occurs in electromagnetic radiation too, though is really only significant at extremely high speeds such as the recession-rate of galaxies.
The best term to describe how light waves from a star are affected as the star moves toward Earth is "blueshift." As the star approaches, the wavelengths of the light are compressed, making them shorter and shifting the light toward the blue end of the spectrum. This phenomenon is a key concept in the Doppler effect, which relates the frequency of waves to the relative motion of the source and observer.
The term that describes the way material moves during a mass wasting event is "flow." This can include different types of flow like avalanches, mudflows, debris flows, and rockfalls. The movement can range from slow and gradual to fast and sudden, depending on factors like slope angle, material composition, and triggering events.
Waves of sound.
Electromagnetic waves.
Thermal power plantThe term for such a material is "medium". Thus the sound of talking is carried by the medium air. The ocean waves exist in the medium water. Light is carried by the medium space. The plural is media.