The Talmud.
No, it is a proper noun. It is a Jewish religious holiday (calendar date varies).
There is no typical answer for this. Jewish teen life encompasses a huge number of variables, depending on where they live and their level of religious observance.
Rabbis.
1) The Talmud is revered as a religious text, but it isn't worshiped. Only God is worshiped. 2) The Talmud is practiced through the observance of Jewish law, as religious Jews do today. Jewish law is codified in the Talmud.
a mikvah
No.
The source for Jewish religious observance is in the Torah. See the attached Related Link for some details.
They're called Rabbis.
Any Christian, Jewish, or Muslim religion is suppose to practice the Sabbath even if not all of its memebers do.
Good Friday is not a Jewish observance, but rather a Christian holiday that commemorates the crucifixion of Jesus Christ. In Jewish tradition, the closest equivalent would be the observance of Passover, which commemorates the Israelites' liberation from slavery in Egypt.
What are the various types of Jews? Is there something called Asedic Jewish?
There are both Jewish Religious Day Schools and Jewish Sunday Religious Schools. These are not very different from their Christian or Islamic equivalents.