With a variation the sun is directly over the equator all the time. That's why it is hottest there. Time on Earth is a latitude thing not a matter of longitude.
However, to answer "when is the Sun directly over the equator as it transition from Northern to Southern hemispheric dominance and back?" is at the Autumnal and Vernal Equinox. At this time, no matter when you are on the planet, day and night are both 12 hours. After that event, the day will grow longer or shorter until the summer or wither Solstice.
The last was 22 SEP 2009 @ 22:18 (Autumnal, or September) and the next will be 20 MAR 2010 @ 17:32 (Vernal, or March)
It is growing more common for them to be revered to by the months in which they occur.
Midnight
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yes... The longitude that the sun is directly over at any point in time is on average 15
The sun is never directly over any point in New Jersey. The sun can never be directly over any point located more than roughly 23.5 degrees north or south of the equator, whereas the latitude of the southern tip of Cape May ... the southernmost point in NJ ... is about 39 degrees from the equator.
The earth does not rotate around the moon. The moon rotates around the earth. Neither one constitutes a day. A day is the time for the earth to revolve once in relation to the sun. It is the time from when the sun is directly over head until the time the sun is directly over head again.
equater
When the sun is directly over the Tropic of Cancer, it is the winter solstice in the southern hemisphere.
The equinox.
No. The sun is directly over the equator once near March 21 and again near September 21.
The northernmost latitude at which the sun can be directly overhead is around 23.44° north. That latitude is called the Tropic of Cancer, and the sun is directly over it at the moment of the June equinox.The southernmost latitude at which the sun can be directly overhead is around 23.44° south. That latitude is called the Tropic of Capricorn, and the sun is directly over it at the moment of the December equinox.
The sun is directly over Barbados twice a year during the equinoxes. This occurs around March 21st and September 23rd, when the sun passes directly over the equator. At these times, Barbados experiences equal day and night lengths.
The sun is at its peak at noon, when it is directly overhead.