This is a solar eclipse, specifically a total eclipse (Total solar eclipse I think is how you would word it).
It means the earth/sun/moon alignment is not perfect where you are viewing from, and the sun's disc will not be covered totally. The eclipse maximum will still leave anything from a sliver to a chunk of the sun visible. Another type of eclipse is called an "annular" eclipse, where a thin ring of sunlight can be seen all the way around the sun.
an soler eclipse
a lunar eclipse
Lunar eclipse
Solar Eclipse and Lunar Eclipse
A total lunar eclipse.
Solar Eclipse
a lunar eclipse
This type of eclipse is called an "annular eclipse" and the ring is an "annulus".
annular eclipse
Lunar Eclipse
Solar Eclipse