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Buoyancy.
a type of kinetic energy
In low gravity- less effort and slow motion in upward and downward movement. in higher gravity - more effort and slow motion in upward movement and vice versa for downward movement.
Convection
No. Upward means... well, upward. "Normal" in this context means "perpendicular" or "at a right angle" - i.e., at a right angle to some surface you are considering. This may happen to be upward as well, but it can be just about any direction.
Permeability
The typical movement of energy through an ecosystem is upward. This means that food flows through the different animals that eat each other.
The movement of water upward through two glass sides pressed together demonstrates adhesion and capillary action. Water is the most important compound on the Earth.
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The upward movement of warm air and the downward movement of cold air forms fluids.
Adhesion and capillary action
Geologists use a tiltmeter to monitor the upward movement along a fault.
It is called "upwelling" and occurs due to wind-induced surface motion, and often the Coriolis effect.
yes. it goes upward through a 'pipe' that connects to the magma chamber.
geseyer
inflation
flexor