a precaution would be to use an identical wire alongside and measure the extension of the test wire relative to it.
in this sense, experimental error due to sagging of the support and expansion due to ambient temperature will be effectively diminished, this because whatever is affecting the test wire will affect equally the reference wire, since they are the same.
Depending on which source you consult, the expected value is betwen 120 and 130 Gpa. On the net it is possible to find the answer in psi (pounds per square inch) but I assume you require a value in SI units. We have just done a classroom experiment which returned a value of about 80 GPa. The stress strain graph looked like a typical ductile material graph, straght line followed by a curve as defopration became plastic. Our value was obtained using the eleastic straight line section. I suspect our low value was due to some 'give' in the anchorage of the specimen wire.
The value of shear modulus for copper is approximately 48 GPa.
Young's (elastic) Modulus for Aluminum is 70 x 109 N/m2
It is 10,000,000 psi ( about 70 GPa)
Around 50 GPa
Between 96 and 120 GPa
110GPA
124GPa
Shear modulus or Rigidity modulus:For material subjected to shear, Within the elastic limit, the shear stress is proportional to the shear strain.The value of Modulus of rigidity for steel is 80 - 100KN/mm^2
The scrap value of a copper boiler will depend on the actual weight, if it has been cleaned to remove non-copper elements and the market value of scrap copper.
Material properties refer to the characteristics and behavior exhibited by a material in response to various external stimuli or conditions. These properties can include physical (e.g., density, hardness), mechanical (e.g., strength, elasticity), thermal (e.g., conductivity, expansion), and chemical (e.g., reactivity, corrosion resistance) properties of a material. Understanding material properties is crucial in determining how a material will perform in different applications.
Silver is a relatively soft metal on the Mohs scale of hardness, with a rating of 2.5 to 3. It is not as strong as materials like steel or titanium, making it susceptible to scratching and denting. However, silver is valued for its malleability and ductility, allowing it to be easily formed into various shapes and designs.
A nickel with copper infused is still worth 5 cents, as the metal composition of the coin is what determines its value. The added copper may change the appearance of the coin but not its monetary worth.
Shear Stress divided by the Angle of Shear is equals to Shear Stress divided by Shear Strain which is also equals to a constant value known as the Shear Modulus. Shear Modulus is determined by the material of the object.
shear = 77GPa
Shear modulus, which is also often referred to as the modulus of rigidity or torsion modulus, is a measure of the rigid or stiff nature of different types of solid materials. It is derived from the material's ratio of its shear stress value to that of shear strain. Shear stress is a value of how much force is applied to a square area of a material, usually measured in pressure values of pascals. Strain is the amount that the material has deformed under stress divided by its original length. The shear modulus value is always a positive number and is expressed as an amount of force per unit area, which is generally recorded as metric gigapascals (GPa) because the values are more practical than English equivalents.
It is the ratio of shear stress to shear strain.
Shear modulus of soil is measured in pressure units, typically Pascals (Pa) or KiloPascals (KPa).
Just as the modulus of elasticity , E, relates tensile stress to tensile strain, the modulus of rigidity, G, relates shear stress to shear strain. The modulus of rigidity, G, is, for isotropic materials, related to E as G = E/ (2(1+u)) where u = poisson ratio which varies from 0 to 0.5 and is usually 0.25-0.33 for many metals. tensile stress = Ee e = tensile strain shear stress = Gk k = shear strain
The Wikipedia lists a value of 110–128 GPa.
yes
yes
p -0.29,e-12.4e3mpa
Hooke's Law in shear states that the shear stress in a material is directly proportional to the shear strain applied, as long as the material remains within its elastic limit. This relationship is expressed mathematically as τ = Gγ, where τ is the shear stress, G is the shear modulus, and γ is the shear strain.
That is the shear modulus, G, related to Young elastic modulus ,E, as G = E/(2(1+u)) where u is Poisson ratio