Each state is different so there is no general answer.
3/4s of the state legislatures
Taking the route you proposed, once Congress passes a proposed amendment, the amendment is subsequently proposed to State Legislatures. 3/4 of the State Legislatures must pass in order for the amendment to be added to the Constitution. --Charlie G.
First, the amendment must go to Congress and it must have a 2/3 pass. Second, the state legislatures must have a 3/4 pass.
The Amendment process is the formal way to change the Constitution. An amendment may be proposed by two-thirds vote of both houses of Congress or by a convention called by Congress at the request of two-thirds of the state legislatures. Ratification of an amendment takes three-fourths of the states to approve.
To successfully pass an amendment to the constitution, one must follow the process outlined in Article V of the U.S. Constitution. This process involves proposing the amendment by either a two-thirds vote in both the House of Representatives and the Senate or by a national convention called by two-thirds of state legislatures. The proposed amendment must then be ratified by three-fourths of state legislatures or by conventions in three-fourths of the states. This rigorous process ensures that any amendment to the constitution reflects broad consensus and support across the country.
The number of senators per state is a provision of the US constitution and it therefore can only be changed by a constitutional amendment. Congress would be able to propose such an amendment, if it wished to do so, but the amendment would have to be ratified by the state legislatures before it would become part of the constitution.
Laws enacted by local legislatures are called ordinances.
The power to pass laws that require Americans to obey an amendment typically lies with Congress, which is composed of the House of Representatives and the Senate. Once an amendment is ratified, Congress can enact legislation to implement and enforce its provisions. Additionally, state legislatures may also play a role if the amendment pertains to state laws or requires state compliance. Ultimately, the enforcement of these laws can involve the judicial system, ensuring adherence to constitutional amendments.
The US state legislatures can pass laws applicable in their own states.
There are two methods: 1. A specific amendment is written and proposed by 2/3 of the Congress. Then the proposed amendment is sent for ratification to either the state legislatures or state ratifying conventions. Congress decides whether state legislatures or state ratifying conventions are to be used. For the proposed amendment to become effective 3/4 of the legislatures or conventions must ratify it. 2. A convention for proposing amendments is called for by Congress on application by 2/3 of the states for such a convention. Specific amendments are written by the convention and sent to the states for ratification. Even if the proposed amendments come from a convention rather than from Congress, it is Congress which decides whether ratification is to be by state legislatures or state ratifying conventions. Again, for the proposed amendments to become effective, 3/4 of the legislatures or conventions must ratify the proposed amendments. To date the first method, proposal by Congress itself, is the only method by which amendments have been proposed. None of the existing amendments have been proposed by a national convention. To date every amendment to the Constitution with the exception of the Twenty First Amendment (Repeal of the Eighteenth Amendment), has been ratified by state legislatures. The Twenty First Amendment is the only current amendment that has been ratified by state ratifying conventions.
Nine States were required. They were ratified by state conventions and not the state legislatures.
The most common method is Congress approving the new amendment with a 2/3rd majority. Once Congress approves the measure it is sent to the states to decide if they want the amendment. It will pass once 3/4th of the states approve the new amendment.