Alfven wave. You'd have had an answer sooner without the typo!
Alfven wave
The conducting wire wrapped around the compass is energized creating a magnetic field that counteracts the effects of the Earth's magnetic field and changes the direction of the compass needle.
Paul S. Lykoudis has written: 'Channel turbulent flow of an electrically conducting fluid in the presence of a magnetic field'
No, it will not become magnetic. It will become electrically charged.
While not intrinsically magnetic necessarily, conducting current means a magnetic field is formed.
It means that the planet generates a large magnetic field in its interior. Astronomers explain this using the "dynamo model". This predicts a magnetic field when there is a rotating electrically conducting liquid inside the planet. However, there are several ways this can happen and the theory is complicated. It is pertinent to us because if a planet has a weak magnetic field, it is more susceptible to cosmic radiation, high doses of which can kill us.
The direction of magnetic field lines are from north to south
As a general rule nothing, however if you have a ferroelectromagnet, a ferrous core surrounded by a conducting coil, then the atoms align their individual magnetic fields in the direction of the magnetic field created by the coils, causing all the magnetic fields to add together cumulatively, instead of canceling each other out.
You can reverse the direction of the magnetic field by reversing the direction of the electrical current.
No. It has. Since transverse electric mode has it's wave propagating in the Z direction, and has magnetic field existing in the same direction with NO electric field... Likewise, transverse magnetic mode has it's wave propagating in the Z direction and has electric field existing in the same direction with NO magnetic field.
perpendicular to the magnetic field direction
Earth's magnetic field can make magnets out of ferromagnetic material and it affects the movements of electrically charged particles in space.