The word England comes from "Anglo-land", the Angles being one of the Germanic tribes to invade the island along with the Saxons and Jutes.
Cotton is an English word possibly derived the Old French "coton".
It is a former administrative division in England, one which was under the governance of a sheriff (which word is derived from shire-reeve).
It comes from England, being an English word for "truth". However, the English word was in its turn derived from Latin.
The word factory is derived from the medieval Latin word factoria. It is also derived from the Latin word factor.
it is derived from the word Helium.
The name is derived from the Tamil word murunggai (முருங்கை)
A theory: Mishmash might be derived from the German word "Mischmasch". That one is derived from the verb "mischen" which means "to mix".
The word duty is derived - through Middle-English - from the Anglo-Norman French word deute -> which in turn is derived from the Old-French word deu meaning "owed". That word derived from the Latin word debitus.
From which language is the word "conspicuous" derived from?
Language
The root word.
A word that has another word derived from it is called an Eponym. The two words will usually have different meanings.