decision
majority opinion
Opinion of the court.
Depending on the context, it is usually a verdict, a ruling, or a holding.
Dissent
Majority opinion
Majority opinion
Majority opinion
Majority opinion
The written explanation for the US Supreme Court's decision is called an opinion.See Related Questions for an expanded explanation.
A ruling priest is called a Theocrat
It is called the same. Other than a public ruling, which affects the relations of state governmental bodies, private ruling deals with private persons, which can be an individual or an entity, whether business or not.
A possible explanation is called a hypothesis.