The Talmud.
Contract law.
The Mishna is a written work (used to be oral), which gives details of the Torah's commands. The Talmud, of which the Mishna is a part, discusses how Jews should live and tells of the lives of the sages. It was set down in writing some 1510 years ago.
Moses was given the entire Torah on Mount Sinai. This included the Written Law as well as the Oral Law. This happened over 3,000 years ago.
The Pharisees believed that oral tradition, known as the Oral Torah, had equal authority with the written Law (Torah) in guiding Jewish life and practice. They believed that both the written and oral traditions were equally important in interpreting and applying the laws of Moses.
There are very many laws and verses in the Torah which don't specify their details. this is the function of the Oral Law. The Oral Law also allows the laws of the Torah to be interpreted to deal with scenarios and situations that the explicit text does not appear to refer. For example, rules concerning driving are not explicitly written in the Old Testament because cars did not exist. However, there are things about cars (such as the spark plug) which do have corollaries in the written text and the Oral Law helps to bridge the application of the Written Text to these scenarios.
The law of two witnesses is in the written Torah (Deuteronomy ch.17), not just in the Oral Torah.The law of warning in a capital offense is in the Oral Torah (tractates Makkot and Sanhedrin). The entire Oral Torah wasn't written until the time of Rabbi Yehudah HaNasi, around the year 185 CE. But the law itself goes all the way back to Mount Sinai, when Moses received it from God.
Following the Torah, both the Oral and the Written Law. These consist of the Old Testament (the Chumash) as well as the rest of the books of the Written Law (referred to as Tanach, an acronym for the 3 main sections of the Written Law). The Oral Law is comprised of all the valid Orthodox writings in the centuries since Moses, such as the Mishna, the Talmud Bavli, Talmud Yerushalmi, and the writings of the Rishonim and Acharonim.
Because he replaced the system of oral law and blood feud with a written code.
I am not fully sure, but I believe that an Oral Gospel would be unwritten accounts of the Gospels and traditional tales. In Judaism there is an Oral Torah, an unwritten law book that was given to Moses along with the written Torah.
He replaced the prevailing system of oral law and blood feud by a written code to be enforced only by a court.
Before written codes, aristocracies kept them as oral law, and so people had to go to them for advice and representation, which made them clients of the aristocrat. Written law made it available to all.
Before written codes, aristocracies kept them as oral law, and so people had to go to them for advice and representation, which made them clients of the aristocrat. Written law made it available to all.