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Breast milk jaundice?
DefinitionJaundice is a condition that causes the skin and parts of the eyes to turn a yellow color.Breast milkjaundice is long-term jaundice in an otherwise healthy, breast-fed baby. It develops after the first week of life and continues up to the sixth week of life.Alternative NamesHyperbilirubinemia - breast-feedingCauses, incidence, and risk factorsBilirubin is a yellow pigment that is created as the body gets rid of old red blood cells. The liver helps break down bilirubin so that it can be removed from the body in the stool.If jaundice occurs or persists past the first week of life in an otherwise healthy and thriving breast-fed infant, the condition may be called "breast milk jaundice." It is probably caused by factors in the breast milk, which block certain proteins in the liver that break down bilirubin.Breast milk jaundice tends to run in families. It occurs equally often in males and females and affects approximately 0.5% to 2.4% of all newborns.SymptomsYour child's skin and whites of the eyes (sclera) will look yellow.Signs and testsLaboratory tests that may be done include:Bilirubin level (total and direct)Complete blood countBlood smear to look at blood cellsReticulocyte count to look at slightly immature red blood cellsBlood typingIn some cases, a blood test to check for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) may be done. G6PD is a protein that helps red blood cells work properly.TreatmentTreatment will depend on:The baby's bilirubin levelHow fast it has been going outWhether your baby was born earlyHow old your baby is nowOften, the bilirubin level is relatively low (less than 20 mg/dL). Sometimes no specific treatment is needed other than close follow-up.More frequent nursing (up to 12 times a day) will increase the baby's fluid levels and can cause the bilirubin level to drop. Ask your doctor before giving your newborn extra formula.To help break down the bilirubin, your child may be placed under bright lights (phototherapy). If the bilirubin level is not too high or not rising quickly, you can do phototherapy at home.You can use either a fiberoptic blanket that has tiny bright lights in it, or a bed that shines light up from the mattress. A nurse will come to your home to teach you how to use the blanket or bed, and to check on your child.You must keep the light therapy on your child's skin and feed your child every 2 to 3 hours (10 to 12 times a day). Feeding prevents dehydration and helps bilirubin leave the body.Therapy will continue until your baby's bilirubin level is low enough to be safe.If the bilirubin level is more than 20 mg/dL, different treatment options are available. The mother can stop nursing for 24 to 48 hours, which will cause the bilirubin level to rapidly drop. During that time she can express the milk or pump her breasts (to maintain her comfort and the flow of milk) while feeding the baby formula. In most cases, when nursing is restarted the bilirubin will not return to previous levels.The baby may need to stay in the hospital to receive treatment if the bilirubin level is greater than 20 mg/dL. Along with phototheapy, fluids given through a vein can help increase the baby's fluid level and help lower bilirubin levels.Expectations (prognosis)Full recovery is expected with appropriate monitoring and treatment.ComplicationsWith appropriate treatment, there are usually no complications. However, failure to receive timely and proper medical care can have severe consequences, since high bilirubin levels can be harmful to the baby's brain and other organs.Calling your health care providerCall your health care provider immediately if you are breast feeding your baby and the baby's skin or eyes become yellow (jaundiced).PreventionBreast milk jaundice cannot be prevented. When the condition occurs, it is very important to recognize the baby's yellow color as early as possible and have bilirubin levels checked right away to make sure that there are no other liver problems.Breast feeding jaundice can be limited by making sure your baby is getting enough breast milk. Give your baby unlimited time at each breast, and feed approximately 10 to 12 times per day starting the first day of life. Get help from a lactation consultant or your doctor as soon as possible if you have any difficulty.ReferencesMoerschel SK, Cianciaruso LB, Tracy LR. A practical approach to neonatal jaundice. Am Fam Physician. 2008;77:1255-1262.
What are the hours for a video game desinger?
50 to 60 hours a week depending on if you are a mid- level tester, but if you are a high level tester, your hours will be 70 to 80 hours a week making 55$ an hour
Can jaundice in newborns be deadly?
Jaundice is caused by the body having an excess of bilirubin in the blood, which is produced by the normal breakdown of red blood cells. The baby liver is often immature and still developing and cannot pass the bilirubin out of the body at the rate at which it needs to. Also if the baby is premature it is often more common, and if they are not getting fed often enough to flush out the excess. The excess bilirubin gives the skin a yellow color.
What chance does a 29 week old baby have of living?
Pretty high. There is a lot that can be done to help a baby born at 29 weeks. He or she would need to be in an incubator for a while and have help with breathing and feeding, but the chances of survival are high
How do you become my girl of the week by MB?
One would need low self-esteem, a high blood-alcohol level and a sixth-grade reading level.
When is a baby considered a baby?
It's not called a baby until week 38 of pregnancy or when it's born (even if it's before week 38).
What week can you tell the sex of your baby?
Around week 18
Newborn jaundice?
DefinitionNewborn jaundice is a condition marked by high levels of bilirubin in the blood. The increased bilirubin cause the infant's skin and whites of the eyes (sclera) to look yellow.Alternative NamesJaundice of the newborn; Neonatal hyperbilirubinemiaCauses, incidence, and risk factorsBilirubin is a yellow pigment that's created in the body during the normal recycling of old red blood cells. The liver processes bilirubin in the blood so that it can be removed from the body in the stool.Before birth, the placenta -- the organ that nourishes the developing baby -- removes the bilirubin from the infant so that it can be processed by the mother's liver. Immediately after birth, the baby's own liver begins to take over the job, but this can take time. Therefore, bilirubin levels in an infant are normally a little higher after birth.High levels of bilirubin in the body can cause the skin to look yellow. This is called jaundice. Jaundice is present to some degree in most newborns. Such "physiological jaundice" usually appears between day 2 and 3, peaks between days 2 and 4, and clears by 2 weeks. Physiological jaundice usually causes no problems.Breast milk jaundice is another common, usually non-harmful form of newborn jaundice. Breast milk may contain a substance that increases reuse of bilirubin in the intestines. Such jaundice appears in some healthy, breastfed babies after day 7 of life, and usually peaks during weeks 2 and 3. It may last at low levels for a month or more.Breastfeeding jaundice is a type of exaggerated physiological jaundice seen in breastfed babies in the first week, especially in those that are not nursing often enough. Breastfeeding jaundice is different than breast milk jaundice, which occurs later and is caused by the milk itself.Sometimes jaundice can be a sign of a serious underlying problem. Higher levels of bilirubin can be due to:An event or condition that increases the number of red blood cells that needs to be processedAnything that interferes with the body's ability to process and remove bilirubinThe following increase the number of red blood cells that need to be processed:Abnormal blood cell shapes Congenital spherocytic anemiaElliptocytosisBlood type incompatibilities ABO incompatibility (Mother has type O blood, baby does not)Rh incompatibility (Mother is Rh negative, baby is not)Cephalohematoma or other birth injuryGlucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiencyHigh levels of red blood cells (polycythemia) More common in small for gestational age babiesMore common in some twinsInfectionPrematurityPyruvate kinase deficiencyTransfusionsThe following interfere with the body's ability to process and remove bilirubin:Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiencyBiliary atresiaCertain medicationsCongenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infectionCongenital herpesCongenital hypothyroidismCongenital rubellaCongenital syphilisCongenital toxoplasmosisCrigler-Najjar syndromeCystic fibrosisGaucher's diseaseGilbert syndromeHypoxiaInfections (such as sepsis)Lucey-Driscol syndromeNeonatal hepatitisNiemann-Pick diseasePrematurityIn otherwise healthy babies born at 35 weeks gestation or greater, those most likely to eventually develop signs of newborn jaundice are those who have:A brother or sister who needed phototherapy for jaundiceA high bilirubin level for their age, even if they are not yet jaundicedBeen exclusively breastfeed, especially if weight is excessiveBlood group incompatibility or other known red blood cell diseaseCephalohematoma or significant bruisingEast Asian ancestryJaundice in the first 24 hours of lifeSymptomsThe main symptom is a yellow color of the skin. The yellow color is best seen right after gently pressing a finger onto the skin. The color sometimes begins on the face and then moves down to the chest, belly area, legs, and soles of the feet.Sometimes, infants with significant jaundice have extreme tiredness and poor feeding.Signs and testsAll newborns should be examined for jaundice at least every 8 to 12 hours for the first day of life.Any infant who appears jaundiced in the first 24 hours should have bilirubin levels measured immediately. This can be done with a skin or blood test.Babies should be assigned a risk for later developing jaundice before they leave the hospital. Babies are classified as low risk, low intermediate risk, high intermediate risk, or high risk. Many hospitals do this by routinely checking total bilirubin levels on all babies at about 24 hours of age.Further testing varies on the infant's specific situation and test results. For example, the possible cause of the jaundice should be sought for babies who require treatment or whose total bilirubin levels are rising more rapidly than expected.Tests that will likely be done include:Complete blood countCoomb's testMeasurement of levels of specific types of bilirubinReticulocyte countThe level of albumin in the baby's blood may also be checked. Low albumin levels may increase the risk of damage from excessive jaundice.TreatmentTreatment is usually not necessary. Keep the baby well-hydrated with breast milk or formula. Frequent feedings encourage frequent bowel movements, which helps remove bilirubin through the stools. (Bilirubin is what gives stool a brown color).Sometimes special blue lights are used on infants whose levels are very high. This is called phototherapy. These lights work by helping to break down bilirubin in the skin. The infant is placed naked under artificial light in a protected isolette to maintain constant temperature. The eyes are protected from the light. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that breastfeeding be continued through phototherapy, if possible.In the most severe cases of jaundice, an exchange transfusion is required. In this procedure, the baby's blood is replaced with fresh blood. Treating severely jaundiced babies with intravenous immunoglobulin may also be very effective at reducing bilirubin levels.Expectations (prognosis)Usually newborn jaundice is not harmful. For most babies, jaundice usually resolves without treatment within 1 to 2 weeks. However, if significant jaundice is untreated, very high levels of bilirubin can damage the brain. For babies who require treatment, the treatment is usually quite effective.ComplicationsRare, but serious, complications from high bilirubin levels include:Cerebral palsyDeafnessKernicterus -- brain damage from very high bilirubin levelsCalling your health care providerAll babies should be seen by a health care provider in the first 5 days of life to check for jaundice.Those who spend less than 24 hours in a hospital should be seen by age 72 hours.Infants sent home between 24 and 48 hours should be seen again by age 96 hours.Infants sent home between 48 and 72 hours should be seen again by age 120 hours.Jaundice is an emergency if the baby has a fever, has become listless, or is not feeding well. Jaundice may be dangerous in high-risk newborns.Jaundice is generally NOT dangerous in term, otherwise healthy newborns. Call the infant's health care provider if jaundice is severe (the skin is bright yellow), if jaundice continues to increase after the newborn visit, lasts longer than 2 weeks, or if other symptoms develop. Also call the doctor if the feet, particularly the soles, are yellow.PreventionIn newborns, some degree of jaundice is normal and probably not preventable. The risk of significant jaundice can often be reduced by feeding babies at least 8 to 12 times a day for the first several days and by carefully identifying infants at highest risk.All pregnant women should be tested for blood type and unusual antibodies. If the mother is Rh negative, follow-up testing on the infant's cord is recommended. This may also be done if the mother blood type is O+, but it not necessarily required if careful monitoring takes place.Careful monitoring of all babies during the first 5 days of life can prevent most complications of jaundice. Ideally, this includes:Considering a baby's risk for jaundiceChecking bilirubin level in the first day or soScheduling at least one follow-up visit the first week of life for babies sent home from the hospital in 72 hoursReferencesAmerican Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). Management of hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn infant 35 or more weeks of gestation. Pediatrics. 2004 Jul;114(1):297-316.Mercier CE, Barry SE, Paul K, et al. Improving Newborn Preventive Services at the Birth Hospitalization: A Collaborative, Hospital-Based Quality-Improvement Project. Pediatrics. 2007 Sep;120(3):481-488.Moerschel SK, Cianciaruso LB, Tracy LR. A practical approach to neonatal jaundice. American Family Physician. 2008 May;77(9).
Who is better Wayne Rooney or javier hernandez?
well at the moment Wayne Rooney is better, he has the experience of playing at a high level club week in week out, while Hernandez is still young and hasn't played much high level football, but he is definitely one to watch for the future. when Hernandez's gets older he will be the best striker in the prem
How many times week should you shower a baby?
twice a week.
What does a 9 week old baby looks like?
a baby (#dope!)
What is the answer to level 60 on the never ending level game?
week
