A type of symmetry law, an important example of which is flavor symmetry, one of the approximate internal symmetry laws obeyed by the strong interactions of elementary particles. According to the successful theory of strong interactions, quantum chromodynamics, flavor symmetry is the consequence of the fact that the so-called glue force (mediated by the SU3color gauge field) is the same between all the kinds (flavors) of quarks. If the quarks all had the same mass, they then would be dynamically equivalent constituents of hadrons, and hadrons would occur as degenerate multiplets of the group SUN, where N is the number of quark flavors. The lightest quarks (u and d) have similar masses, so the lightest hadrons, made of u and d quarks, do exhibit an SU2flavor symmetry known as i-spin invariance. The mass of the next heavier quark (s) is much larger than the masses of the u and d quarks, but much smaller than the masses of the yet heavier quarks (c, b, …); consequently the hadrons that contain no quarks heavier than the s quark clearly may be grouped into SU3flavor multiplets. See Color (quantum mechanics), Flavor, Hadron, Quantum chromodynamics, Quarks
An example of unitary symmetry is the approximate spin independence of the forces on electrons (as in an atom): There is a fundamental doublet, comprising the spin-up electron and the spin-down electron. Denoting these two states by |u〉 and |d〉, all physical properties (energy eigenvalues, charge density, and so on) are unchanged by the replacements shown in the equations below,
where α and β are complex numbers. The group of all the transformations of two states that preserves their hermitean scalar products [〈u|d〉 = 0, 〈u|u〉 = 〈d|d〉 = 1] is known as the two-dimensional unitary group, U2; the transformations of the equations above form a subgroup SU2 which merely lacks the uninteresting transformations of the form |u〉 → eiϕ|u〉 and |d〉→eiϕ|d〉, that is, an equal change of phase of the two states.
The strong interactions are approximately invariant to an SU2 group; the fundamental doublet can be taken to be the nucleon, with the up and down states proton and neutron. This SU2 symmetry is known as charge independence, or, loosely, as i-spin conservation, the analog to the electron spin being known as i-spin I . See I-spin
When a sufficient number of strange particles had been observed, it was seen that they, together with the old nonstrange particles, were grouped into multiplets of particles with the same space-time quantum numbers (except for mass; the masses of the members are only similar, not equal). This suggested the existence of a yet larger symmetry; it has turned out that this symmetry is the group of all unitary transformations of a triplet of fundamental particles, U3, or SU3 if the uninteresting equal phase change of all particles is omitted. This symmetry is often loosely called unitary symmetry. See Strange particles
A striking difference in the manifestations of SU2 and SU3 is that whereas all possible multiplets of the former appear in nature, only those multiplets of the latter appear that can be regarded as compounds of the fundamental triplet in which the net number of component fundamental particles (number of particles minus number of antiparticles) is an integral multiple of 3. In particular, no particle that could be regarded as the fundamental triplet is found. Despite this nonappearance, it turns out that a great deal about the strongly interacting particles (hadrons) is at least qualitatively explained if they are regarded as physical compounds of a fundamental triplet of particles, to which the name quark has been given. The color theory (quantum chromodynamics) of strong interactions explains why single quarks are never observed.
According to the argument given above, hadrons have the approximate symmetry SUN, where N is the number of kinds of quarks, or flavors. Six flavors of quark are known; in addition to the quarks with the flavors up, down, and strange described above, three more quarks, charm, bottom, and top, have been found. See Charm, Elementary particle, J/psi particle, Upsilon particles
Bilateral Symmetry - Right down an animal (Worm or fish)Radial Symmetry - Symmetry like a circle (E.g - Starfish)Asymmetrical - No symmetry
yes
This is called bilateral symmetry. Bilateral symmetry means an organism has symmetry across one plane (known as the sagittal plane, and directly down the centre of their body), which means one side of their body approximately mirrors the other side. This is seen in all vertebrates, and many invertebrates such as arthropods.
Most animals are symmetrical in their body plans, which doesn't necessarily mean that they are perfectly symmetrical.Humans for instance, have two, you can place a mirror right in the middle of a person and it will produce an image of the corresponding side. Humans and most mammals are said to be bilateral (two sides).Starfish for instance have more than two, they have radial symmetry.Some members of the animal kingdom do not have any symmetry in their body plans. A good example would be the more primitive of animals, the Poryphera (sponges). Sponges are asymmetrical (do not have symmetry).
Industrial relations help a country to make more money. They can trade the products with other countries to make a larger profit.
It is unitary It is unitary
angola is federal or unitary
Unitary
Unitary
unitary
Unitary.
Unitary
There is such thing as a oligarchic unitary.
Iran is unitary.
It is a unitary
Unitary.
yes it does have a unitary goverment