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These are sugars that have been carefully treated to remove anything but the specific molecule that is desired.

For example, you take sugar cane, a kind of grass, shred or crush it to release the sugar cane juice, the sap of the plant with impurities. Calcium hydroxide and CO2 are added to the juice, which extract impurities. Then the juice is filtered.

The purified juice is then heated until it forms crystals.

These crystals are full of dark, flavorful molasses, and forms of it can be recognized as "raw sugar" or "brown sugar".

That sugar is then refined, by heating it until it melts, and then "washed" to remove the molasses.

It is then treated one last time, with phosphoric acid or another chemical, so that you end up with nothing but pure Sucrose.

Sucrose is a molecule, C12H22O11, that is one glucose and one fructose (fruit sugar) molecule linked together.

This is why sucrose and "high fructose corn syrup" are identical in your digestive tract, where the sucrose is broken back into glucose and fructose, exactly like the corn syrup, before absorbed.

There are similar processes for extracting glucose (the sugar your own body uses), fructose (fruit sugar), lactose (milk sugar), maltose (malt sugar), and others.

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12y ago

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