crust
There are four layers and the four layers are top layer called the organic layer, Upper soil layer, middle soil layer, and the last one is lowest layer.
The layer of solid rock beneath the soil is called bedrock. It provides a stable foundation for the soil and upper layers to rest upon. Bedrock can vary in composition and thickness depending on the location.
The topsoil is the finest soil layer. Soil 'layers' are called horizons.
The upper layer of saturated rock and soil is called the water table. It represents the boundary between the unsaturated zone above, where pores contain both air and water, and the saturated zone below, where all pores are filled with water.
Ground Water, which seeps into the soil and fills the cracks unerground.
The top layer of soil is called the topsoil. It is the outermost layer that contains the highest concentration of organic matter and nutrients, making it ideal for supporting plant growth.
The relatively soft layer of the upper mantle is called the asthenosphere
The soil layer of rock beneath the soil is called bedrock. It is the solid rock layer that underlies the loose topsoil and subsoil layers.
Topsoil
The topsoil layer contains the most fertile soil. It is the upper layer of soil that is rich in organic matter, nutrients, and microorganisms, making it ideal for plant growth.
The upper layer of desert soil is rich in minerals because the lack of rainfall prevents leaching of nutrients deeper into the soil. This accumulation of minerals over time leads to the development of nutrient-rich topsoil in desert regions.
The rocky upper layer of the solid earth is called the crust.