Batteries are the most common ways of storing solar energy.
Satellites are usually fitted with a re-chargeable battery, and solar panels. The solar panels absorb energy from the sun, and the batteries store the energy for use by the satellite.
Nothing. Solar panels store heat inside so that on a cloudy day the solar panels work.
The energy is converted into electricity to power your home or any appliances needed in voltage
You can collect solar energy in solar panels, and store the excess in batteries.
One of the big disadvantages of solar power is that it only works when the sun is shining. People who are "off-grid" and get all of their electricity from solar panels can store their power in batteries, however, so that they can use this power when it's rainy.
during the day the solar panels store the energy so that it can power the house. It is better for the environment than other sorts of energy.
Yes, they can. Or they can connect and feed power back into the electricity grid, turning your meter backwards, or giving you a credit on your bill.
NO
Solar panels of course
You can store it in a battery or by pumping water uphill.
For an isolated system batteries are very helpful. They can store the energy from the solar panels to be used at night, or even in the day when you momentarily need more power than the solar panels are producing. Homes that are not serviced by power lines often have solar power systems with batteries. However, homes that are serviced by the power company can have solar panels without needing batteries - any excess power is pushed out to the electric company and actually spins the meter backwards, and then at night you can get electricity from the power company - so the power company acts like a big battery.
A very small number of people just use solar power. They have solar panels that transform sunlight into electricity and store this in batteries for home use. Most other people who use solar power also use power from fossil fuels. They have solar panels but are also connected to the electricity grid, so they also use mainsteam electricity, which is mostly generated by burning fossil fuel.