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Vertical integration
vertical
backward integration is a form of vertical integration in which firm's control of its inputs or supplies. forward integration is a form of vertical integration in which firm's control of its distribution.
me
The idea of vertical integration was introduced by Andrew Carnegie.
A vertical mill is the same as an vertical integration mill. It is built vertical, not horizontal.
Benjamin. Klein has written: 'The role of U.S. multinational corporations in recent exchange crises' -- subject(s): American Corporations, International business enterprises 'Vertical integration appropriable rents and the competitive contracting process'
Virtual Integration is to have control on the departments or businesses in the chain without owning them.where, Vertical Integration is like owning the departments or businesses in the chain.
A company may buy out it's supplier in a form of vertical integration.
1989
Vertical Integration is owning a section of a business and horizontal integration is owning all businesses in a certain field.
An advantage of backwards vertical integration would be that the profit of the supplier is absorbed by the expanded business.