The point just overhead is called the zenith.
The objects visible at that point depend on the date, the time of day or night,
and the observer's location.
The zenith.
That's called the observer's "zenith".
A circle through the Earth's sphere perpendicular to the observer's latitude
The zenith.
west
The Doppler shift only measures the component of motion directly towards or away from the observer. Motion across the celestial sphere does not impact the frequency of light perceived by the observer along the line of sight. This is because the Doppler effect is only sensitive to changes in the relative velocity between the source and observer along the line connecting them.
Answer1. an extreme state of adversity; lowest point of anything2. the point below the observer that is directly opposite the zenith on the imaginary sphere against which celestial bodies appear to be projected
This could be the magnetosphere, the atmosphere, or the biosphere, depending on your needed reference frame.
No, because there is no such thing as the celestial sphere. So there is no inner surface of a celestial sphere.
The north and south celestial poles are the two imaginary points in the sky where the Earth's axis of rotation, indefinitely extended, intersects the imaginary rotating sphere of stars called the celestial sphere. The north and south celestial poles appear permanently directly overhead to an observer at the Earth's North pole and South pole respectively. As the Earth spins on its axis, the two celestial poles remain fixed in the sky, and all other points appear to rotate around them, completing one circuit per day.
The north and south celestial poles are the two imaginary points in the sky where the Earth's axis of rotation, indefinitely extended, intersects the imaginary rotating sphere of stars called the celestial sphere. The north and south celestial poles appear permanently directly overhead to an observer at the Earth's North pole and South pole respectively. As the Earth spins on its axis, the two celestial poles remain fixed in the sky, and all other points appear to rotate around them, completing one circuit per day.
celestial globe is a physical model of celestial sphere