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Visbreaking is cracking reduces the viscosity of the vacuum residue and converts the residue to valuable products that otherwise can not be recovered from the residue by conventional distillation. Visbreaking lowers pour points of waxy residues and enables the refiner to blend heavier materials with lighter fuel oils. Coil temperatures can be raised to increase the yields of lighter products just until coke formation starts to lead to a pressure increase across the visbreaker coil.
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What is visbreaking unit?
Visbreaking is cracking reduces the viscosity of the vacuum residue and converts the residue to valuable products that otherwise can not be recovered from the residue by conventional distillation. Visbreaking lowers pour points of waxy residues and enables the refiner to blend heavier materials with lighter fuel oils. Coil temperatures can be raised to increase the yields of lighter products just until coke formation starts to lead to a pressure increase across the visbreaker coil.
How are cracking reactions used to increase the amount of petrol that is harvested?
Cracking reactions in a refinery crack high molecular weight, long chain molecules into lower molecular weight hydrocarbons that can be blended into the motor fuels pool. This is typically done in a refinery process unit known as a coker or visbreaker. The products usually require further processing, such as hydrodesulfurization, before they can be blended into motor fuels. Without these cracking reactions, the long chain hydrocarbons would be used as heavy fuel oil. Heavy fuel oil is used for fuel by large tanker ships or stationary boilers for residental or commerical buildings for heating during the winter.
Why is high sulfur fuel oil influenced by natural gas prices?
Natural gas is used as a fuel in all of the refinery processes that feed high sulfur fuel oil. For instance a typical pathway for a raw rude oil might be the following: Atmospheric Distillation, Vacuum Distillation, Solvent Deasphalting, Visbreaking. The fuel oil is the heavy product of the visbreaker, which is final step in this particular process. The bottoms product from each of these refinery processes is sent to the next process where the oil increases in density and viscosity as "lighter" components (entrained gases, gasoline, diesel, gas oils, etc.) are removed. Each of these four processes requires its own process heater, which often burns natural gas as a fuel (natural gas is especially used in refineries in developed nations). While refinery "fuel gas," or gas removed from the crude oil, is used as a fuel in many of these heaters, some external supply of natural gas is often needed to supply the balance of energy needed to run these energy intensive processes.
