Usually a dense basaltic magma with low water content.
Mid Ocean Ridges and Rift Valleys.
divergent
Volcanoes primarily form at convergent and divergent plate boundaries. At convergent boundaries, one tectonic plate subducts beneath another, leading to melting of the mantle and the formation of magma, which can rise to create volcanoes. At divergent boundaries, tectonic plates pull apart, allowing magma to rise from the mantle to the surface, resulting in volcanic activity. Additionally, hotspots, which are not directly related to plate boundaries, can also create volcanoes, as seen with the Hawaiian Islands.
At divergent plate boundaries, you typically find basaltic magma. At convergent plate boundaries, where one plate is forced beneath another, you find andesitic to rhyolitic magma due to the melting of continental crust. At hot spots, which are unrelated to plate boundaries, you can find a variety of magma types depending on the composition of the mantle source.
A rift valley is formed when tectonic plates move apart, creating a gap in the Earth's crust. This process is often associated with divergent boundaries where new crust is formed as magma rises to fill the gap. Rift valleys can be found on land or under the ocean.
A normal
At divergent boundaries, primarily hydrothermal metamorphism occurs due to the interaction of seawater with hot magma and volcanic activity. As tectonic plates pull apart, magma rises to create new oceanic crust, and the circulating seawater can alter minerals in the rocks, leading to changes in their chemical and physical properties. This process is often associated with the formation of features like black smokers and altered mineral deposits.
New crust forms at divergent boundaries, where tectonic plates move away from each other. This process can occur in oceanic or continental crust.
Igneous rock
igneous rock
igneous rock
Earthquakes can occur at any type of plate boundary, but the most powerful earthquakes tend to occur at convergent boundaries and at transform boundaries.