The outer energy shells in the group 18 elements, called the noble gases, have a complete octet of ns2np6, where n is the highest energy level. The only exception is helium, which has an outer energy shell of 1s2.
Elements in the same family (or group) have the same amount of electrons in their outer shell. For Example, all elements in Group 1 have 1 electron in their outer shells.
This is the noble gases familiy.
The highest level. Or the outer, valence shell.
Elements react with other elements based on the number of electrons in their outer shell, also called valence electrons.
similar chemical properties and characteristics
The ground state of Oxygen contains only eight electrons in only the first two energy levels.
The outer or valence shell
Group seven elements have 7 electrons in their outermost energy level.
All these elements have six electrons in the outer shell.
Such atoms belong to a group in the periodic table of elements.
Elements in Sodium's Group (Group 1 - Alkali Metals) will have the same amount of electrons in their outer shell (i.e. 1 electron in the outer shell).
Elements that are in the same horizontal (left to right) rows, have similar outer shells.