It depends where you are coming from. A passport would be a very good idea though.
Yes you do
NO, in most cases you do not need a visa to come to the UK for a short visit
Yes, you will need to show your passport.
yes you need a visa
A passport.
yes
I am a permanent UK resident holding indefenite visa. I would like to visit Schengen countries Do I need visa.
I have UK travel document (blue) do I need a visa to visit canada?
Things operate differently in the United States than in the UK so you may want to go online and visit UK websites that deal with business practices and ask them. They will be able to provide you with more details.
yup
No you can get on arrival for 30 days.
Yes