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The Buddha achieved enlightenment while sitting under a fig tree,whose species is now called ficus religious. The specific tree is called The Bodhi tree, where Bodhi means Enlightenment.

AnswerThe Buddha just before he became a Buddha as a Bodhisattva, sat under the Assattha (Pali), often called the Bodhi-tree, and thereupon attained enlightenment becoming a Buddha. There is, however, more to this. The Pali word Assattha is probably the past participle of the Pali word, 'assasati' which can literally mean "enter by the breath". This makes sense if we understand that Buddhahood is achieved by access to the fourth meditation or dhyana (Jp., Zen) which utilizes the breath to finally transcend it. Here the mind reaches its apex. Mind awakens to its own immaculate nature, hence, Buddha.

That would be the "Bodhi Tree."

Although there are many thoughts on this question the original tree, under which Buddha received the enlightenment was Ficus benghalensis, the Banyan.

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